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The Convention relating to the Status of Refugees, also known as the 1951 Refugee Convention, is a United Nations multilateral treaty that defines who is a refugee, and sets out the rights of individuals who are granted asylum and the responsibilities of nations that grant asylum. The Convention also sets out which people do ''not'' qualify as refugees, such as war criminals. The Convention also provides for some visa-free travel for holders of travel documents issued under the convention. The Convention builds on Article 14 of the 1948 Universal Declaration of Human Rights, which recognizes the right of persons to seek asylum from persecution in other countries. A refugee may enjoy rights and benefits in a state in addition to those provided for in the Convention.〔Convention relating to the Status of Refugees, Article 5.〕 ==History== The Convention was approved at a special United Nations conference on 28 July 1951. Denmark was the first state to ratify the treaty on 4 December 1952, which entered into force on 22 April 1954. It was initially limited to protecting European refugees from before 1 January 1951 (after World War II), though states could make a declaration that the provisions would apply to refugees from other places. The 1967 Protocol removed the time limits and applied to refugees "without any geographic limitation", but declarations previously made by parties to the Convention on geographic scope were grandfathered. (Although, like many international treaties, the Refugee Convention was agreed in Geneva,〔(UNHCR: 1951 to Today )〕 it is incorrect to refer to it as "the Geneva Convention," because there are four treaties regulating armed conflict known as the Geneva Conventions.) As of July 2013, there were 145 parties to the Convention, and 146 to the Protocol.〔(UNHCR: ''States Parties to the Convention and Protocol'' ), retrieved 15 July 2010〕 Most recently, the President of Nauru, Marcus Stephen, signed both the Convention and the Protocol on 17 June 2011〔("Nauru's UN move on refugee convention adds to pressure on Labor" ), ''The Australian'', 17 June 2011〕 and acceded on 28 June 2011. Madagascar and Saint Kitts and Nevis are parties only to the Convention, while Cape Verde, the United States of America and Venezuela are parties only to the Protocol. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Convention relating to the Status of Refugees」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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